Contrast an Effective and Ineffective Leader Using the Concepts of Influence Tactics

Contrast an Effective and Ineffective Leader Using the Concepts of Influence Tactics According to Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy (2009), leadership involves influencing people with an aim of achieving certain set objectives. Leadership involves, directing, control and supervisions of activities among other roles. The achievement of organizational objectives is accomplished through use of effective skills in leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast an Effective and Ineffective Leader Using the Concepts of Influence Tactics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leadership involves application of traits that will work to influence people to achieve desired outcomes. For effective leaders there is need to understand how influence tactics come into play in leadership. A leader should develop the necessary power to influence behavior in an organization to a certain direction. In influencing behavior, an effective leader applies strategies or tactics that are meant to change the attitudes of the staff, the ir beliefs, values, and how they act (Fairholm, 2009). Effective managers apply soft tactics in their leadership that are friendly to their employees, are not coercive and other people perceive this tactics to be fair to them (Fairholm, 2009). Some of the tactics applied by effective managers include use of rational persuasion; it is where managers attempt to convince their juniors by applying logical arguments as well as introducing evidence that is based on facts. Effective managers will also apply inspirational appeal, which is attempting to create enthusiasm amongst the employees by attempting to appeal to the emotions, value system, and individual ideals of the employees in the organization (Fairholm, 2009). Consultation is also an important tactic applied by effective manager and it involves inviting of other people in the organization into participating in the decision-making, planning, and in the creation and implementation of changes in the organization (Fairholm, 2009). Th e staff in the organization should feel they are part of the decision-making and consultation is crucial in achieving this. Ingratiation is another tactic applied by effective leaders and it involves the act of ensuring other people are in good mood before a leader attempts to influence the people. Ingratiation is at times regarded as flattery but it works if well applied. Personal appeal is also an effective approach that is applied by leaders, it involves the application of reference to friendship, and loyalty before a leader makes any request.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ineffective leaders apply ineffective tactics to influence people towards achieving organizational goals and objectives. Ineffective leaders apply hard tactics that exert pressure on their staff, work in generating resistance and the tactics are regarded as being unfair (Fairholm, 2009). Som e of the hard tactics include use of pressure, where a leader applies demands, threats, frequently checks on what others are doing or persistently reminds staff on what to do, with intent of influencing the target to acting in a certain way. Another tactic used by ineffective managers to influence behavior is the use of exchange, it is where a leader attempts to express or implies promises and trades favors to the staff so that they comply with the set objective. Ineffective leaders also apply coalition tactics, the leader enlists the help of other people with intent of influencing the employees to work towards the set objectives. Legitimating tactics is also another tactic applied by ineffective managers and it involves making a basis for a request as being based on their authority or right, rules, policies or what other superiors in the organization had wanted. Success of an influence tactic is based how the people who are the target of the tactic react, either by demonstrating co mpliance, being committed or resist in regards to the achievement of the objective. A leader who has power will effectively apply a number of influence tactics that leaders who have little or no power will not apply. The challenge to the leaders is assessing the best situation and the most effective influence tactic to apply to achieve the desired outcome. References Fairholm, G. (2009). Organizational power politics : tactics in organizational leadership. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger/ABC-CLIO.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contrast an Effective and Ineffective Leader Using the Concepts of Influence Tactics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hughes, R. Ginnett, R. Curphy G. (2009). Leadership : enhancing the lessons of experience. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Sun Bear Facts (Helarctos malayanus)

Sun Bear Facts (Helarctos malayanus) The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is the smallest species of bear. It gets its common name for the white or golden bib on its chest, which is said to represent the rising sun. The animal is also known as the honey bear, reflecting its love of honey, or the dog bear, referring to its stocky build and short muzzle. Fast Facts: Sun Bear Scientific Name: Helarctos malayanusCommon Names: Sun bear, honey bear, dog bearBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 47-59 inchesWeight: 60-176 poundsLifespan: 30 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Southeast Asia rainforestsPopulation: DecreasingConservation Status: Vulnerable Description The sun bear has short black fur with a pale crescent-shaped bib that may be white, cream, or golden. It has a short, buff-colored muzzle. The bear has small, round ears; an extremely long tongue; large canine teeth; and large, curved claws. The soles of its feet are hairless, which helps the bear climb trees. Adult male sun bears are 10% to 20% larger than females. Adults average between 47 and 59 inches long and weigh between 60 and 176 pounds. The sun bear has curved claws and an extremely long tongue. Freder / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Sun bears live in the evergreen tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. Their habitat includes northeastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, southern China, and some Indonesian islands. There are two subspecies of sun bear. The Bornean sun bear only lives on the island of Borneo. The Malayan sun bear occurs in Asia and on the island of Sumatra. Diet Sun bears, like other bears, are omnivores. They feed on bees, hives, honey, termites, ants, insect larvae, nuts, figs and other fruit, and sometimes flowers, plant shoots, and eggs. The bears strong jaws easily crack open nuts. Sun bears are hunted by humans, leopards, tigers, and pythons. Behavior Despite its name, the sun bear is largely nocturnal. It relies on its keen sense of smell to find food at night. The bears long claws help it climb and also tear open termite mounds and trees. The bear uses its extremely long tongue to lap up honey from bee hives. Male bears are more likely than females to be active during the day. Although relatively small, sun bears are known to be fierce and aggressive if disturbed. Because they live in the tropics, the bears are active year-round and do not hibernate. Reproduction and Offspring Sun bears reach sexual maturity around 3 to 4 years of age. They can mate at any time of the year. After a gestation period of 95 to 174 days, the females gives birth to one or two cubs (although twins are uncommon). Newborn cubs are blind and hairless and weigh between 9.9 and 11.5 ounces. Cubs are weaned after 18 months. In captivity, male and female bears socialize and jointly care for young. In other bear species the female raises her cubs on her own. The lifespan of highly reclusive wild sun bears is unknown, but captive bears live up to 30 years. Sun bear cubs are born blind and furless. Christian Aslund / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the sun bears conservation status as vulnerable. Bear populations are decreasing in size. The sun bear has been listed on CITES Appendix I since 1979. Threats While it is illegal to kill sun bears throughout their range, commercial hunting is among the species greatest threats. Sun bears are poached for their meat and gall bladders. Bear bile is used in traditional Chinese medicine and is also an ingredient in soft drinks, shampoo, and cough drops. Despite their temperament, sun bears are also illegally captured for the pet trade. The other significant threat to sun bear survival is habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and human encroachment. Forest fires also affect sun bears, but they tend to recover providing there is a neighboring population. Sun bears are kept in captivity for their commercial value and for conservation. They are farmed for their gall bladders in Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Since 1994, the species has been part of a captive-breeding program with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the European breed registry. The Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Sandakan, Malaysia rehabilitates sun bears and works toward their conservation. Sources Brown, G. Great Bear Almanac. 1996. ISBN:978-1-55821-474-3.Foley, K. E., Stengel, C. J. and Shepherd, C. R. Pills, Powders, Vials and Flakes: The Bear Bile Trade in Asia. Traffic Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, 2011.Scotson, L., Fredriksson, G., Augeri, D., Cheah, C., Ngoprasert, D. Wai-Ming, W. Helarctos malayanus (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T9760A123798233. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9760A45033547.enServheen, C.; Salter, R. E. Chapter 11: Sun Bear Conservation Action Plan. In Servheen, C.; Herrero, S.; Peyton, B. (eds.). Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature. pp. 219–224, 1999.Wong, S. T.; Servheen, C. W.; Ambu, L. Home range, movement and activity patterns, and bedding sites of Malayan sun bears Helarctos malayanus in the Rainforest of Borneo. Biological Conservation. 119 (2): 169–181, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10. 029

The American War on Terror in Afghanistan Essay

The American War on Terror in Afghanistan - Essay Example Moreover, many others believe that America should reassess its strategy from a realistic point of view to extricate itself from the conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq to concentrate on the wider aspects of the war on terrorism. Â  Now the question is how a country can attack another country without convincing reasons? Moreover, why the rest of the world keeping silence even when two sovereign states attacked by a superpower? How can the idealism of spreading democracy with the help of war be justified? Is it necessary for America to take a more pragmatic approach in fighting against terrorism? This paper tries to find answers to above question with the help of analysis of the war on terror both in Iraq and Afghanistan in a realistic point of view. Â  America’s war on terror strategies lacks consistency and a proper shape. While it engages in an all-out attack in Iraq, it uses targeted attacks in specific areas in Afghanistan. The reasons cited for attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan are entirely different. In Iraq, America accused that the president Saddam itself is leading the terrorist networks whereas in Afghanistan they had no such worries. In Afghanistan, America is getting support from the administration in their efforts to eliminate the Taliban led terrorist groups. Â  Mearsheimer (2005) has argued that Hans Joachim Morgenthau, one of the most important political thinkers of the 20th century and one of the great realist thinkers of all time has opposed the Vietnam War and he would have opposed the current war on terror also on same grounds. Mearsheimer has also mentioned that the dispute about whether to go to war in Iraq was between two competing theories of international politics: realism and the neo-conservatism that underpins the Bush doctrine (Mearsheimer). Many people now suspect that President Bush has certainly hidden agendas in conducting the war on terror.

HEALTH COMMUNITIES, HEALTH CITIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HEALTH COMMUNITIES, HEALTH CITIES - Essay Example Planning of cities in most countries has been linked to heath status of the people who inhabit such cities. In other words planning of cities directly or indirectly affects heath status of the population in the area. Towns together with cities affect heath in different ways that goes beyond the presence of health services in the area. Generally, the planning of urban and sometimes rural areas normally affects and shapes people’s life choices and at same time has a strong bearing on heath outcomes. According to Fredsgaard, Cave and Bond (2009) urban planning and the subsequent urban forms affect people’s choice of where to live, how to travel to work and school, how to clean the air and water and also what facilities people can us. In most cases, poor designing of cities is seen to result to poor heath that in turn put heavy burden on communities and health services (Fredsgaard, Cave, and Bond 2009). The extent to which an individual or group is able on the hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs on the other hand to change or cope with the environment. At the same time, health is seen as a resource for everyday life, not the object of living: it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities (WHO 1984 cited in Fredsgaard, Cave and Bond, 2009). In order to regulate and plan land use in both urban and rural areas it has become paramount for organizations to carry out assessment of health issues in relations to aspects of environment, social, economy and demographic aspects. Therefore carrying out assessment of the health has been done through a technique known as health impact assessment (HIA). According to World Health Organization (WHO) definition, HIA is construed to constitute â€Å"combination of procedures, methods and tools that systematically judges the potential and sometimes unintended effects of a policy, plan, programme or project on the health of

Why Critical Thinking Is Important Essay Example for Free

Why Critical Thinking Is Important Essay I. Problem Statement: In normal circumstances, the concept of thinking and knowing cooperate together. However, fear of thinking will influence your preciseness in knowing and may lead to negative consequence. Moreover, without critical thinking, learning cannot be fully process though the brain which will lead to misunderstanding. For example, textbooks could only provide solid answers for every question. As long as you continue to follow the formulas of your mathematic textbook without critical thinking, you cannot think further and understand the real meaning behind the equation. Therefore, critical thinking is important in the accumulation of knowledge. II. Body: A. Why critical thinking is important? 1. Critical thinking is important because it veers a person away from certain mistake. 2. According to â€Å"Thinking vs. Knowing: When Facts Get In the Way†, by Victor E. Ferrall, Jr, he remind us that â€Å"Of course, some knowledge is imprecise, e.g., if any of our kid is going to have a problem sleeping it will be Bobby, or Mom always brings her famous fruitcake to a party.† 3. Indeed, often the information that others provide us could be inaccurate. Hence, we should always use our brain to think and understand the other side’s point of view in order to avoid insufficient knowledge. B. Amiss knowledge is dangerous if you don’t think critically. 1. Knowledge can sometimes be used to control or to dominate people. Therefore, we have to be critical about knowledge. 2. For example, In â€Å"Thinking vs. Knowing: When Fact Get in the way†, it give an example that the society use imprecise information to misleading people, it reports that â€Å"when a religious sect â€Å"knows† the word will end on a date certain and it doesn’t, the usual response is, not to think about why the world did not end, but rather to choose a new deadline, i.e. create new â€Å"knowledge.† 3. Even religious will use amiss knowledge to influence people’s belief, as a result, we should be careful with all the knowledge we learn from others because it may be wrong. Furthermore, if we can manage to be critical in thinking, then we can change and correct whatever mistaken knowledge when we receive it and thereby, won’t be manipulate by others. C. Why people avoid to critical think? 1. People avoid to critical thinking because they don’t want to expose from the hidden story that could probably harm their ideal image. 2. In â€Å"The need to know and the fear of Knowing†, written by Abraham H. Maslow, he claims that â€Å"we tend to be afraid of any knowledge that could cause us to despise ourselves or to make us feel inferior, weak, worthless, evil and shameful.† 3. Our weakness leads us away from the freedom of thought. Slowly, you will start losing your freedom by living in a routine that does not require you to think. Meanwhile, when we start to lost our freedom slowly, living in a routine that does not require us to think, we are enslaving to the rule and control by the social structure. D. Why we should critical thinking? 1. We should think critically because it establishes liberty and intelligent. 2. According to the book named Krishnamuti, the writer believes that â€Å"to be free is to be intelligent, but intelligence does not come into being by just wishing to be free; it comes into being only when you begin to understand your whole environment, the social, religious, parental and traditional influences that are continually closing in on you.† 3. Likewise, freedom requires you to think clear, open minded and rational before you apprehend the concealed stories. As soon as you realize the context, you will receive intelligent that could allow you to break down your fear and stand up for your freedom. III. Conclusion: In short, critical thinking is the major process when receiving knowledge. With this process, we can be able to seek the imprecise information and free from the power of regulation.

costa rica :: essays research papers

The population here is approximately 3.6 million. It’s attached to Central America and is south of Honduras and north of panama. Costa Rica is situated between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The country’s economy is based on agriculture, electronic exports and tourism. Coffee has historically been the country's most important crop. The banana is the second most important export crop, with vast plantations covering parts of the Caribbean lowlands, but there is also significant land dedicated to such things as pineapples, sugar, oranges, rice, cattle, hardwoods and ornamental plants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have seen many beautiful national parks here such as the Manuel Antonio national park that has 105 000 visitors per year. Another park such as Irazu has 104 000 visitors per year. Poqs has the most visitors per year with 175 000 per year. A lot of other things that have attracted me are surfing, snorkeling, and scuba diving. The nature here is spectacular with some amazing rain forests. I am even trying to learn a little bit of Spanish because that is the official language here. All year round there are numerous festivals, parades, fiestas with fireworks and even bullfights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were certain things that I didn’t like about the island and that is the poverty I see everyday. I hope there won’t be a storm while I’m staying here because lots of hurricanes pass by Costa Rica. Something you might not now about Costa Rica is that there are One million tourists here every year! Also, the new TV program Temptation Island 2 is being filmed in Costa Rica. I have been staying in the city of San Josà ©, which seems to be one of the more popular cities on this island. I am currently staying at an inn called El Rodeo Country Inn. It’s located only 5 minutes from the San Jose Airport and just 12 minutes from the city center. It was just built in July 1996; the El Rodeo Country Inn is a countryside village. There are amazing scenic views of the nearby volcanic mountains, vegetable farms, pastures and fields. Right now I am relaxing in the Jacuzzi and just came from the sauna and swimming pool. All the rooms are air conditioned with cable TV, hot water, bathtub and telephone, hairdryer and safety deposit box. Costa Rica's system of government is very similar to that of the United States of America.

Bachelor’s Degree and Partial Fulfillment Essay

Adviser Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Science by the Committee of Oral Examiners. Chairman Member Member Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Science March, 2013 Dean, CITE Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis will not be possible without the help and support of the following individuals who gave their guidance and assistance in the development of this study. From the , we express much gratitude to our dean, , our adviser who aided us with all the academic requirements and greatly inspired us as we passed all the obstacles throughout the completion of this work. The Discipline Office especially for being compliant to our queries regarding the manual system they have and about their specifications for the new system. The people we most wish to thank are our families, for whom our education would not have been possible and who held faith in us and pushed us to achieve success in everything we do. This example of success is a great chance that we will stride for the victory of our lives. To our respective colleagues and to the members of the group, for the endless brainstorming from dusk till dawn and coming up with concepts that helped us with this research. Lastly, of all the hardships and challenges that we encountered, we are humbly thankful because the Lord Almighty showered us knowledge, courage, and passion to endure and succeed in the completion of this work. Abstract The purpose of this study is to improve the manual record management system of the Discipline Office in by transforming it as a web-based system. The research study focuses on simplifying the difficult and time-consuming task of managing, tracking, and handling student discipline records and helps improve discipline by ensuring that students are held accountable for their actions effectively. Advantages and disadvantages of both systems were identified by conducting this work. To gather the needed data, interview and survey methods were used and analyzed by means of descriptive approach. The results showed that the respondents agree that an online system is more preferable to have than the other, as it gives benefits to the university by enabling them to efficiently handle discipline-related tasks. As stated from literatures, these findings clearly emphasize the need for the conversion of the office’s manual system to ensure the reliability and validity of records.